请问人性本善, 还是人性本恶？

General Buddhism | 佛法研讨
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Is human nature inherently good or inherently evil?

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This question can be explored from a few fronts, both Chinese philosophical views and the inferred perspectives of Buddhism derived from the teachings:

  • Background on Chinese Philosophical Views:

    • Confucian thought in China debates human nature:
      • Mencius: Human nature is fundamentally good.
      • Xunzi: Human nature is fundamentally evil.
      • Yang Xiong: Human nature is a mix of good and evil.
      • Gongsunzi: Human nature is neither good nor evil.
    • Generally, later generations prefer Mencius’ view as it aligns with orthodox Confucian thought.

  • Buddhism’s Perspective:

    • Buddha stated that all beings have the nature of the Tathagata (Buddha nature), suggesting an inherent goodness.
    • However, Buddhism also acknowledges the presence of ignorance (evil) from time immemorial, which prevents beings from achieving Buddhahood.
    • Buddhism transcends simple classifications of good or evil in human nature:
      • While beings have Buddha nature (good), they also have ignorance (evil).
      • The aim is to overcome ignorance and realize the inherent Buddha nature.
    • Contrasts with Confucianism:
      • Confucian debate focuses on the nature of this life, from birth onward, without considering past or future lives.
      • Mencius emphasizes rational values (good), while Xunzi looks at the potential for change in nature (evil).

  • Detailed Explanation in Buddhism:

    • Sees human nature from a broad, eternal perspective—from before the beginning and toward the ultimate goal of enlightenment.
    • Both good (Buddha nature) and evil (ignorance) are inseparable aspects of beings.
    • The ultimate goal in Buddhism is to overcome the dualistic view of good and evil and realize enlightenment, where such distinctions no longer apply.

  • Conclusion:

    • Buddhism’s view on human nature is not confined to notions of good or evil.
    • It is more aligned with Yang Xiong’s theory of a mix of good and evil but transcends it by focusing on overcoming ignorance and realizing Buddha nature.
    • The ultimate Buddhist goal is beyond good and evil, aiming for liberation from these dualistic constraints.

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