adrian
February 28, 2018, 10:11pm
21
菩提萨埵 > Bodhisattva
Breaking it down to its component terms:
菩提 > Bodhi
The English term enlightenment is the western translation of the abstract noun bodhi, (/ˈboʊdi/; Sanskrit: बोधि; Pali: bodhi), the knowledge or wisdom, or awakened intellect, of a Buddha. The verbal root budh- means "to awaken," and its literal meaning is closer to "awakening." Although the term buddhi is also used in other Indian philosophies and traditions, its most common usage is in the context of Buddhism. The term "enlightenment" was popularised in the Western world through the 19th cent...
https://baike.baidu.com/item/菩提/934
萨埵 > SattvaSattva, or Satta in Pali language, is found in Buddhist texts, such as in Bodhi-sattva. The Sattva in Buddhism means “a living being, creature, person or sentient being” https://baike.baidu.com/item/萨埵
adrian
March 1, 2018, 10:09pm
22
薩迦耶見 > Sakkāya-diṭṭhi or satkāya-dṛṣṭi
‘Personality Belief’: in Buddhism a basic misconception concerning the nature of personal identity in relation to the five aggregates (skandhas). Sakkāya-diṭṭhi is the first of the ‘Ten Fetters’ (saṃyojana).
adrian
April 19, 2018, 9:55pm
23
五蕴 > Panca (five) Skandha (aggregates)
Skandhas (Sanskrit) or khandhas (Pāḷi) means "heaps, aggregates, collections, groupings". In Buddhism, it refers to the five aggregates of clinging (Pancha-upadanakkhanda), the five bodily and mental factors that take part in the rise of craving and clinging. They are also explained as the five factors that constitute and explain a sentient being’s person and personality, but this is a later interpretation in response to sarvastivadin essentialism.
The five aggregates or heaps are: form (or matt...
adrian
April 22, 2018, 9:51pm
24
Continuing with the five agregates (shared from my Lamrim Class):色 > rupa 受 > vedana 想 > samjna 行 > samskara 识 > vijnana
预流 > stream-enterers 一来 > once-returners
I had seen the English terms in other online Buddhist resources before thus it is good to hear Master Ri-Chang discuss about them in his Lamrim Commentary Track 74a :
但是在这个圣人当中，预流、一来 ，“预流 ”就是声闻的初果，预流就是声闻的初果，“一来 ”就是声闻的二果，他那两种圣人，有的时候还会造不善业的。他虽然会造不善业，但是他一定不会造引生死的恶趣业，他引业一定不会造。
补特伽罗 > Pudgala
In Buddhism, Pudgala means the entity that reincarnates as an individual or person, i.e., the bundle of tendencies that keeps an individual reincarnating until they attain enlightenment.
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudgala
adrian
May 20, 2018, 10:08pm
27
阿賴耶識 > ālāyavijñāna (All-encompassing foundation consciousness or the Eighth Consciousness)
All surviving schools of Buddhist thought accept – "in common" – the existence of the first six primary consciousnesses (Sanskrit: vijñāna, Tibetan: རྣམ་ཤེས་, Wylie: rnam-shes). The internally coherent Yogācāra school associated with Maitreya, Asaṅga, and Vasubandhu, however, uniquely – or "uncommonly" – also posits the existence of two additional primary consciousnesses, kliṣṭamanovijñāna and ālayavijñāna, in order to explain the workings of karma. The first six of these primary conscio
adrian
June 27, 2018, 10:02pm
29
第一双，（即舍利弗与目犍连）
referring to this pair of disciples of Buddha, Master Ri-Chang says:
这个第一双就是佛弟子，他们一对啊那真是了不起！为什么赞叹他们“第一双”啊？就是帮助我们释迦世尊弘扬教法最好的一对，称他“第一双 ”。Lamrim Commentary Track 81A
舍利弗 > Sariputta
Śāriputra (Sanskrit: शारिपुत्र; Tibetan: ཤཱ་རིའི་བུ་, Pali: Sāriputta, lit. "the son of Śāri", born Upatiṣya, Pali: Upatissa) was one of the top disciples of the Buddha. He is considered the first of the Buddha's two chief male disciples, together with Maudgalyāyana (Pali: Moggallāna). Śāriputra had a key leadership role in the ministry of the Buddha and is considered in many Buddhist schools to have been important in the development of the Buddhist Abhidharma. He frequently appears in Mahayana...
目犍连 > Maudgalyayana
Maudgalyāyana (Pali: Moggallāna), also known as Mahāmaudgalyāyana or by his birth name Kolita, was one of the Buddha's closest disciples. Described as a contemporary of disciples such as Subhuti, Śāriputra (Pali: Sāriputta), and Mahākāśyapa (Pali: Mahākassapa), he is considered the second of the Buddha's two foremost male disciples, together with Śāriputra. Traditional accounts relate that Maudgalyāyana and Śāriputra become spiritual wanderers in their youth. After having searched for spiritual...
adrian
July 3, 2018, 10:06pm
30
羯摩 (jiémó ) is Sanskrit for Karma - from looking up Baidu:
https://baike.baidu.com/item/羯磨/7618552
However, I get Master Ri-Chang’s explanation better:
“羯摩 ”，这个是梵语，像我们现在来就是做的事情，出家人该做的事情。这个该做的事情内容只有什么呢？就是无非是增长我们的善净之业的，“增长清净羯摩”。“解制羯摩”，它这个种种有它的规矩，我们要立这个规矩是用什么方法，然后改变那个规矩的时候用什么方法，这个简单的内涵是如此Lamrim Commentary Track 84A
adrian
August 14, 2018, 10:00pm
31
金刚手菩萨 / 大势至菩萨 > Vajrapani
文殊师利菩萨 > Manjushri
观世音菩萨 > Avalokiteśvara
References: https://bwmonastery.org.sg/lr89a
Vajrapāṇi (Sanskrit: "Vajra in [his] hand") is one of the earliest-appearing bodhisattvas in Mahayana Buddhism. He is the protector and guide of Gautama Buddha and rose to symbolize the Buddha's power.
Vajrapāni is extensively represented in Buddhist iconography as one of the earliest three protective deities or bodhisattvas surrounding the Buddha. Each of them symbolizes one of the Buddha's virtues: Manjusri manifests all the Buddhas' wisdom, Avalokiteśvara manifests all the Buddhas' immense co...
Mañjuśrī is a bodhisattva associated with prajñā (insight) in Mahayana Buddhism. In Tibetan Buddhism, he is also a yidam. His name means "Gentle Glory"（Chinese：妙吉祥, 妙乐） in Sanskrit. Mañjuśrī is also known by the fuller name of Mañjuśrīkumārabhūta, literally "Mañjuśrī, Still a Youth" or, less literally, "Prince Mañjuśrī". Other deity name of Mañjuśrī is Manjughosha.
Scholars have identified Mañjuśrī as the oldest and most significant bodhisattva in Mahāyāna literature. Mañjuśrī is first referred ...
Avalokiteśvara or Padmapani (/ˌʌvəloʊkɪˈteɪʃvərə/ UV-əl-oh-kih-TAY-shvər-ə; Sanskrit: अवलोकितेश्वर) is a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas. This bodhisattva is variably depicted, described and portrayed in different cultures as either male or female. In Tibet, he is known as Chenrezik, and in Cambodia as "អវលោកិតេស្វរៈ". In Chinese Buddhism, Avalokiteśvara has evolved into the somewhat different female figure Guanyin. In Japan this figure is known as Kanzeon or Kanno The name...
adrian
August 29, 2018, 10:09pm
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涅槃 > 寂灭 > Nirvana
https://baike.baidu.com/item/涅槃/408?fromtitle=寂灭&fromid=2447933
Nirvana (निर्वाण, Sanskrit: nirvāṇa; Pali: nibbana, nibbāna) is the goal of the Buddhist path. The literal meaning of the term is "blowing out" or "quenching". Nirvana is the ultimate spiritual goal in Buddhism and marks the soteriological release from rebirths in saṃsāra. Nirvana is part of the Third Truth on "cessation of dukkha" in the Four Noble Truths, and the summum bonum destination of the Noble Eightfold Path.
In the Buddhist tradition, Nirvana has commonly been interpreted as the extinc...
adrian
September 9, 2018, 12:13am
34
地藏(王)菩萨 > Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva
Kṣitigarbha (Sanskrit क्षितिगर्भ / Kṣitigarbha, Chinese: 地藏; pinyin: Dìzàng; Japanese: 地蔵; rōmaji: Jizō; Korean: 지장(地藏); romaja: Jijang) is a bodhisattva primarily revered in East Asian Buddhism and usually depicted as a Buddhist monk. His name may be translated as "Earth Treasury", "Earth Store", "Earth Matrix", or "Earth Womb". Kṣitigarbha is known for his vow to take responsibility for the instruction of all beings in the six worlds between the death of Gautama Buddha and the rise of Maitreya...
https://baike.baidu.com/item/地藏菩萨/317715
adrian
September 9, 2018, 9:49pm
35
寂天菩萨 > Shantideva
Shantideva (Sanskrit: Śāntideva; Chinese: 寂天; Tibetan: ཞི་བ་ལྷ།, THL: Zhiwa Lha; Mongolian: Шантидэва гэгээн; Vietnamese: Tịch Thiên) was an 8th-century Indian Buddhist monk and scholar at Nalanda. He was an adherent of the Madhyamaka philosophy of Nagarjuna.
The Zhansi Lun of the East Asian Mādhyamaka identifies two different individuals given the name "Shant inideva": their founder of the Avaivartika Sangha in the 6th century and a later Shantideva who studied at Nalanda in the 8th century and...
https://baike.baidu.com/item/寂天菩萨